using Serilog;

namespace PineScriptV6
{
    public static class Pine
    {
        // ════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
        #region 내부 헬퍼
        // ════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════

        private static double ToDouble(dynamic? v)
        {
            try { return v == null ? 0.0 : Convert.ToDouble(v); }
            catch { return 0.0; }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// "close[1]" → ("close", 1),  "high" → ("high", 0)
        /// </summary>
        private static (string name, int offset) ParseSeriesRef(string source)
        {
            int b = source.IndexOf('[');
            if (b < 0) return (source.Trim(), 0);
            string name   = source.Substring(0, b).Trim();
            string offStr = source.Substring(b + 1).TrimEnd(']').Trim();
            return (name, int.TryParse(offStr, out int o) ? o : 0);
        }

        /// <summary>동적 값을 double로 변환 (PineContext 변수명도 해석)</summary>
        private static double ResolveDouble(dynamic? v)
        {
            if (v is double d)  return d;
            if (v is int    i)  return i;
            if (v is float  f)  return f;
            if (v is decimal m) return (double)m;
            string s = v?.ToString() ?? "";
            if (double.TryParse(s, System.Globalization.NumberStyles.Any,
                System.Globalization.CultureInfo.InvariantCulture, out double parsed))
                return parsed;
            double? ctx = PineContext.GetVariable(s);
            return ctx ?? double.NaN;
        }

        /// <summary>EMA 계산 (src: 오름차순 배열, src[0]=가장 오래된 값)</summary>
        private static double CalcEmaFromChron(double[] src, int length)
        {
            if (src.Length == 0) return double.NaN;
            double k   = 2.0 / (length + 1);
            double ema = src[0];
            for (int i = 1; i < src.Length; i++)
                ema = src[i] * k + ema * (1 - k);
            return ema;
        }

        #endregion

        // ════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
        #region 내부 상태 (barssince / valuewhen 호출 인덱스)
        // ════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════

        internal static int _barssinceIdx = 0;
        internal static int _valuewhenIdx = 0;

        /// <summary>매 봉 시작 전 호출 — 상태 함수의 호출 인덱스를 초기화합니다.</summary>
        internal static void ResetBarState()
        {
            _barssinceIdx = 0;
            _valuewhenIdx = 0;
        }

        #endregion

        // ════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
        #region OHLCV 전역 변수 (히스토리 Push 포함)
        // ════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════

        private static double _open, _high, _low, _close, _volume;
        private static long   _time;

        public static dynamic open
        {
            get => _open;
            set { _open   = ToDouble(value); PineContext.Push("open",   _open);   }
        }
        public static dynamic high
        {
            get => _high;
            set { _high   = ToDouble(value); PineContext.Push("high",   _high);   }
        }
        public static dynamic low
        {
            get => _low;
            set { _low    = ToDouble(value); PineContext.Push("low",    _low);    }
        }
        public static dynamic close
        {
            get => _close;
            set { _close  = ToDouble(value); PineContext.Push("close",  _close);  }
        }
        public static dynamic volume
        {
            get => _volume;
            set { _volume = ToDouble(value); PineContext.Push("volume", _volume); }
        }
        public static dynamic time
        {
            get => _time;
            set { _time = Convert.ToInt64(value); }
        }

        // ── 파생 시간 변수 ───────────────────────────────────────────────
        private static DateTime UtcBar => _time > 0
            ? DateTimeOffset.FromUnixTimeMilliseconds(_time).UtcDateTime
            : DateTime.UtcNow;

        /// <summary>현재 봉 시각의 시 (0-23, UTC)</summary>
        public static int hour       => UtcBar.Hour;
        /// <summary>현재 봉 시각의 분 (0-59)</summary>
        public static int minute     => UtcBar.Minute;
        /// <summary>현재 봉 시각의 초 (0-59)</summary>
        public static int second     => UtcBar.Second;
        /// <summary>요일 — Pine Script 기준 (1=일요일, 2=월요일, ..., 7=토요일)</summary>
        public static int dayofweek  => (int)UtcBar.DayOfWeek + 1;
        /// <summary>월의 일 (1-31)</summary>
        public static int dayofmonth => UtcBar.Day;
        /// <summary>월 (1-12)</summary>
        public static int month      => UtcBar.Month;
        /// <summary>연도</summary>
        public static int year       => UtcBar.Year;
        /// <summary>현재 Unix 시각 (밀리초)</summary>
        public static long timenow   => DateTimeOffset.UtcNow.ToUnixTimeMilliseconds();

        /// <summary>특정 날짜/시각 → Unix 밀리초 타임스탬프 (UTC 기준)</summary>
        public static long timestamp(int year, int month, int day,
            int hour = 0, int minute = 0, int second = 0)
            => new DateTimeOffset(year, month, day, hour, minute, second,
                   TimeSpan.Zero).ToUnixTimeMilliseconds();

        #endregion

        // ════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
        #region Global Functions
        // ════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════

        public static void indicator(string title = "", string shorttitle = "",
            bool overlay = false, string timeframe = "",
            dynamic? timeframe_gaps = null, string format = "",
            int precision = 0, dynamic? scale = null)
        {
            Log.Debug("[indicator] title={title}, overlay={overlay}", title, overlay);
        }

        public static dynamic plot(dynamic series, string title = "",
            dynamic? color = null, int linewidth = 1,
            dynamic? style = null, dynamic? trackprice = null,
            dynamic? offset = null, dynamic? display = null)
        {
            Log.Debug("[plot] title={title}", title);
            return null!;
        }

        public static dynamic plotshape(dynamic series, string title = "",
            dynamic? location = null, dynamic? color = null,
            dynamic? style = null, string text = "",
            dynamic? size = null, dynamic? textcolor = null,
            dynamic? offset = null, dynamic? display = null)
        {
            Log.Debug("[plotshape] title={title}, text={text}", title, text);

            bool isActive;
            if (series is bool bv)
                isActive = bv;
            else if (series is string sv)
            {
                var resolved = PineScriptV6.PineStateVars.Get(sv);
                isActive = PineScriptV6.PineEvaluator.ToBool(resolved);
            }
            else
            {
                try { isActive = Convert.ToBoolean((object?)series); }
                catch { isActive = false; }
            }

            if (isActive && TradingSignal.IsSignal(text))
            {
                decimal price = 0m;
                try { price = (decimal)_close; } catch { }

                DateTimeOffset barTime = _time > 0
                    ? DateTimeOffset.FromUnixTimeMilliseconds(_time)
                    : DateTimeOffset.Now;

                TradingSignal.DetectAndRaise(text, price, barTime);
            }
            return null!;
        }

        public static dynamic plotchar(dynamic series, string title = "",
            string charact = "", dynamic? color = null,
            dynamic? location = null, dynamic? size = null)
        {
            Log.Debug("[plotchar] title={title}", title);
            return null!;
        }

        public static void bgcolor(dynamic color, double transp = 90,
            string title = "", dynamic? display = null)
        {
            Log.Debug("[bgcolor] title={title}", title);
        }

        public static void fill(dynamic plot1, dynamic plot2,
            dynamic? color = null, string title = "")
        {
            Log.Debug("[fill] title={title}", title);
        }

        public static void alertcondition(dynamic condition,
            string title = "", string message = "")
        {
            Log.Debug("[alertcondition] title={title}", title);
        }

        // ── input (전역 축약형) ──
        public static int input_int(int defval = 0, string title = "",
            int minval = 0, int maxval = 0, string tooltip = "")
        {
            Log.Debug("[input_int] title={title}, defval={defval}", title, defval);
            return defval;
        }
        public static double input_float(double defval = 0, string title = "", string tooltip = "")
        {
            Log.Debug("[input_float] title={title}, defval={defval}", title, defval);
            return defval;
        }
        public static bool input_bool(bool defval = false, string title = "", string tooltip = "")
        {
            Log.Debug("[input_bool] title={title}", title);
            return defval;
        }
        public static string input_string(string defval = "", string title = "", string tooltip = "")
        {
            Log.Debug("[input_string] title={title}", title);
            return defval;
        }
        public static dynamic input_timeframe(string defval = "", string title = "", string tooltip = "")
        {
            Log.Debug("[input_timeframe] title={title}", title);
            return defval!;
        }

        #endregion

        // ════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
        #region input (중첩 클래스)
        // ════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════

        public static class input
        {
            public static int @int(int defval = 0, string title = "",
                int minval = int.MinValue, int maxval = int.MaxValue,
                string tooltip = "", dynamic? options = null)
            {
                Log.Debug("[input.int] title={title}, defval={defval}", title, defval);
                return defval;
            }
            public static double @float(double defval = 0, string title = "", string tooltip = "")
            {
                Log.Debug("[input.float] title={title}, defval={defval}", title, defval);
                return defval;
            }
            public static bool @bool(bool defval = false, string title = "", string tooltip = "")
            {
                Log.Debug("[input.bool] title={title}", title);
                return defval;
            }
            public static string @string(string defval = "", string title = "", string tooltip = "")
            {
                Log.Debug("[input.string] title={title}", title);
                return defval;
            }
            public static string timeframe(string defval = "", string title = "", string tooltip = "")
            {
                Log.Debug("[input.timeframe] title={title}", title);
                return defval;
            }
        }

        #endregion

        // ════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
        #region label (중첩 클래스)
        // ════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════

        public static class label
        {
            public static dynamic style_label_up       { get; } = "label_up";
            public static dynamic style_label_down     { get; } = "label_down";
            public static dynamic style_label_left     { get; } = "label_left";
            public static dynamic style_label_right    { get; } = "label_right";
            public static dynamic style_label_center   { get; } = "label_center";
            public static dynamic style_none           { get; } = "none";
            public static dynamic style_triangleup     { get; } = "triangleup";
            public static dynamic style_triangledown   { get; } = "triangledown";
            public static dynamic style_arrowup        { get; } = "arrowup";
            public static dynamic style_arrowdown      { get; } = "arrowdown";
            public static dynamic style_cross          { get; } = "cross";
            public static dynamic style_xcross         { get; } = "xcross";
            public static dynamic style_circle         { get; } = "circle";
            public static dynamic style_diamond        { get; } = "diamond";
            public static dynamic style_square         { get; } = "square";
            public static dynamic style_flag           { get; } = "flag";

            public static dynamic @new(dynamic bar_index, dynamic y,
                string text = "", dynamic? color = null, dynamic? style = null,
                dynamic? size = null, dynamic? textcolor = null,
                string xloc = "", string yloc = "", dynamic? tooltip = null)
            {
                Log.Debug("[label.new] text={text}", text);
                return null!;
            }
            public static void delete(dynamic id) { }
            public static void set_text(dynamic id, string text) { }
            public static void set_color(dynamic id, dynamic color) { }
        }

        #endregion

        // ════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
        #region ta (Technical Analysis) — 실제 계산 구현
        // ════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════

        public static class ta
        {
            // ── SMA ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────
            public static dynamic sma(dynamic source, int length)
            {
                var (name, offset) = ParseSeriesRef(((object?)source)?.ToString() ?? "");

                if (offset == 0)
                {
                    double? incr = IndicatorEngine.QuerySma(name, length);
                    if (incr.HasValue)
                    {
                        Log.Debug("[ta.sma] {Name}({Length}) = {Result:F6} [incr]", name, length, incr.Value);
                        return incr.Value;
                    }
                    Log.Debug("[ta.sma] 데이터 부족(warmup): {Name}({Length})", name, length);
                    return null!;
                }

                double[] hist = PineContext.GetLast(name, length, offset);
                if (length <= 0 || hist.Length < length)
                {
                    Log.Debug("[ta.sma] 데이터 부족: {Name}[{Offset}] {Have}/{Need}",
                        name, offset, hist.Length, length);
                    return null!;
                }
                double result = hist.Average();
                Log.Debug("[ta.sma] {Name}[{Offset}]({Length}) = {Result:F6}", name, offset, length, result);
                return result;
            }

            // ── EMA ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────
            public static dynamic ema(dynamic source, int length)
            {
                var (name, offset) = ParseSeriesRef(((object?)source)?.ToString() ?? "");
                double[] hist = PineContext.GetLast(name, length * 3, offset);

                if (length <= 0 || hist.Length < length)
                {
                    Log.Debug("[ta.ema] 데이터 부족: {Name} {Have}/{Need}", name, hist.Length, length);
                    return null!;
                }

                double k   = 2.0 / (length + 1);
                double ema = hist[hist.Length - 1];
                for (int i = hist.Length - 2; i >= 0; i--)
                    ema = hist[i] * k + ema * (1 - k);

                Log.Debug("[ta.ema] {Name}({Length}) = {Result:F6}", name, length, ema);
                return ema;
            }

            // ── RMA (Wilder's Smoothing) ──────────────────────────────────
            public static dynamic rma(dynamic source, int length)
            {
                var (name, offset) = ParseSeriesRef(((object?)source)?.ToString() ?? "");
                double[] hist = PineContext.GetLast(name, length * 3, offset);

                if (length <= 0 || hist.Length < length)
                {
                    Log.Debug("[ta.rma] 데이터 부족: {Name}", name);
                    return null!;
                }

                double alpha = 1.0 / length;
                double rma   = hist[hist.Length - 1];
                for (int i = hist.Length - 2; i >= 0; i--)
                    rma = alpha * hist[i] + (1 - alpha) * rma;

                Log.Debug("[ta.rma] {Name}({Length}) = {Result:F6}", name, length, rma);
                return rma;
            }

            // ── WMA ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────
            public static dynamic wma(dynamic source, int length)
            {
                var (name, offset) = ParseSeriesRef(((object?)source)?.ToString() ?? "");
                double[] hist = PineContext.GetLast(name, length, offset);

                if (length <= 0 || hist.Length < length)
                {
                    Log.Debug("[ta.wma] 데이터 부족: {Name}", name);
                    return null!;
                }

                double wsum = 0, denom = 0;
                for (int i = 0; i < length; i++)
                {
                    double w = length - i;
                    wsum  += hist[i] * w;
                    denom += w;
                }
                double result = wsum / denom;
                Log.Debug("[ta.wma] {Name}({Length}) = {Result:F6}", name, length, result);
                return result;
            }

            // ── HIGHEST ──────────────────────────────────────────────────
            public static dynamic highest(dynamic source, int length)
            {
                var (name, offset) = ParseSeriesRef(((object?)source)?.ToString() ?? "");

                if (offset == 0)
                {
                    double? incr = IndicatorEngine.QueryHighest(name, length);
                    if (incr.HasValue)
                    {
                        Log.Debug("[ta.highest] {Name}({Length}) = {Result:F6} [incr]", name, length, incr.Value);
                        return incr.Value;
                    }
                    Log.Debug("[ta.highest] 데이터 부족(warmup): {Name}({Length})", name, length);
                    return null!;
                }

                double[] hist = PineContext.GetLast(name, length, offset);
                if (length <= 0 || hist.Length < length)
                {
                    Log.Debug("[ta.highest] 데이터 부족: {Name} {Have}/{Need}", name, hist.Length, length);
                    return null!;
                }
                double result = hist.Max();
                Log.Debug("[ta.highest] {Name}[{Offset}]({Length}) = {Result:F6}", name, offset, length, result);
                return result;
            }

            // ── LOWEST ───────────────────────────────────────────────────
            public static dynamic lowest(dynamic source, int length)
            {
                var (name, offset) = ParseSeriesRef(((object?)source)?.ToString() ?? "");

                if (offset == 0)
                {
                    double? incr = IndicatorEngine.QueryLowest(name, length);
                    if (incr.HasValue)
                    {
                        Log.Debug("[ta.lowest] {Name}({Length}) = {Result:F6} [incr]", name, length, incr.Value);
                        return incr.Value;
                    }
                    Log.Debug("[ta.lowest] 데이터 부족(warmup): {Name}({Length})", name, length);
                    return null!;
                }

                double[] hist = PineContext.GetLast(name, length, offset);
                if (length <= 0 || hist.Length < length)
                {
                    Log.Debug("[ta.lowest] 데이터 부족: {Name} {Have}/{Need}", name, hist.Length, length);
                    return null!;
                }
                double result = hist.Min();
                Log.Debug("[ta.lowest] {Name}[{Offset}]({Length}) = {Result:F6}", name, offset, length, result);
                return result;
            }

            // ── RSI ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────
            public static dynamic rsi(dynamic source, int length)
            {
                var (name, offset) = ParseSeriesRef(((object?)source)?.ToString() ?? "");
                double[] hist = PineContext.GetLast(name, length + 1, offset);

                if (length <= 0 || hist.Length < length + 1) return null!;

                double avgGain = 0, avgLoss = 0;
                for (int i = 0; i < length; i++)
                {
                    double diff = hist[i] - hist[i + 1];
                    if (diff > 0) avgGain += diff;
                    else          avgLoss += Math.Abs(diff);
                }
                avgGain /= length;
                avgLoss /= length;

                if (avgLoss == 0) return 100.0;
                double rs     = avgGain / avgLoss;
                double result = 100 - (100 / (1 + rs));
                Log.Debug("[ta.rsi] {Name}({Length}) = {Result:F2}", name, length, result);
                return result;
            }

            // ── ATR ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────
            public static dynamic atr(int length)
            {
                double[] highs  = PineContext.GetLast("high",  length + 1);
                double[] lows   = PineContext.GetLast("low",   length + 1);
                double[] closes = PineContext.GetLast("close", length + 1);

                if (length <= 0 || highs.Length < length + 1) return null!;

                double sum = 0;
                for (int i = 0; i < length; i++)
                {
                    double tr = Math.Max(highs[i] - lows[i],
                               Math.Max(Math.Abs(highs[i] - closes[i + 1]),
                                        Math.Abs(lows[i]  - closes[i + 1])));
                    sum += tr;
                }
                double result = sum / length;
                Log.Debug("[ta.atr] length={Length} = {Result:F6}", length, result);
                return result;
            }

            // ── CHANGE ────────────────────────────────────────────────────
            public static dynamic change(dynamic source, int length = 1)
            {
                var (name, offset) = ParseSeriesRef(((object?)source)?.ToString() ?? "");
                double[] hist = PineContext.GetLast(name, length + 1, offset);

                if (length <= 0 || hist.Length < length + 1) return null!;

                double result = hist[0] - hist[length];
                Log.Debug("[ta.change] {Name} = {Result:F6}", name, result);
                return result;
            }

            // ── CROSSOVER / CROSSUNDER ────────────────────────────────────
            public static bool crossover(dynamic source1, dynamic source2)
            {
                var (n1, o1) = ParseSeriesRef(((object?)source1)?.ToString() ?? "");
                var (n2, o2) = ParseSeriesRef(((object?)source2)?.ToString() ?? "");

                double[] h1 = PineContext.GetLast(n1, 2, o1);
                double[] h2 = PineContext.GetLast(n2, 2, o2);

                if (h1.Length < 2 || h2.Length < 2) return false;

                bool result = h1[1] <= h2[1] && h1[0] > h2[0];
                Log.Debug("[ta.crossover] {N1}/{N2} = {Result}", n1, n2, result);
                return result;
            }

            public static bool crossunder(dynamic source1, dynamic source2)
            {
                var (n1, o1) = ParseSeriesRef(((object?)source1)?.ToString() ?? "");
                var (n2, o2) = ParseSeriesRef(((object?)source2)?.ToString() ?? "");

                double[] h1 = PineContext.GetLast(n1, 2, o1);
                double[] h2 = PineContext.GetLast(n2, 2, o2);

                if (h1.Length < 2 || h2.Length < 2) return false;

                bool result = h1[1] >= h2[1] && h1[0] < h2[0];
                Log.Debug("[ta.crossunder] {N1}/{N2} = {Result}", n1, n2, result);
                return result;
            }

            // ── MACD ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────
            /// <summary>
            /// MACD 계산.
            /// 반환값: double[3] { macdLine, signalLine, histogram }
            /// Pine Script: [macd, signal, hist] = ta.macd(close, 12, 26, 9)
            /// </summary>
            public static dynamic macd(dynamic source, int fastlen, int slowlen, int siglen)
            {
                var (name, offset) = ParseSeriesRef(((object?)source)?.ToString() ?? "");
                int needed = Math.Max(fastlen, slowlen) * 3 + siglen;
                double[] hist = PineContext.GetLast(name, needed, offset);

                if (hist.Length < slowlen + siglen) return null!;

                // hist[0]=최신 → 역순 정렬(오름차순) 후 EMA 계산
                double[] src   = hist.Reverse().ToArray();
                double kFast   = 2.0 / (fastlen + 1);
                double kSlow   = 2.0 / (slowlen  + 1);
                double kSig    = 2.0 / (siglen   + 1);

                double fastEma = src[0], slowEma = src[0];
                var macdSeries = new List<double>();

                for (int i = 1; i < src.Length; i++)
                {
                    fastEma = src[i] * kFast + fastEma * (1 - kFast);
                    slowEma = src[i] * kSlow + slowEma * (1 - kSlow);
                    macdSeries.Add(fastEma - slowEma);
                }

                if (macdSeries.Count < siglen) return null!;

                double sigEma = macdSeries[0];
                for (int i = 1; i < macdSeries.Count; i++)
                    sigEma = macdSeries[i] * kSig + sigEma * (1 - kSig);

                double macdLine   = macdSeries[^1];
                double signalLine = sigEma;
                double histogram  = macdLine - signalLine;

                Log.Debug("[ta.macd] macd={M:F6} signal={S:F6} hist={H:F6}",
                    macdLine, signalLine, histogram);
                return new double[] { macdLine, signalLine, histogram };
            }

            // ── BB (Bollinger Bands) ──────────────────────────────────────
            /// <summary>
            /// 볼린저밴드.
            /// 반환값: double[3] { upper, basis, lower }
            /// </summary>
            public static dynamic bb(dynamic source, int length, double mult = 2.0)
            {
                var (name, offset) = ParseSeriesRef(((object?)source)?.ToString() ?? "");
                double[] hist = PineContext.GetLast(name, length, offset);

                if (hist.Length < length) return null!;

                double basis  = hist.Average();
                double stddev = Math.Sqrt(hist.Select(x => (x - basis) * (x - basis)).Average());
                double upper  = basis + mult * stddev;
                double lower  = basis - mult * stddev;

                Log.Debug("[ta.bb] upper={U:F6} basis={B:F6} lower={L:F6}", upper, basis, lower);
                return new double[] { upper, basis, lower };
            }

            // ── STOCH ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────
            public static dynamic stoch(dynamic source, dynamic high, dynamic low, int length)
            {
                var (srcName, srcOff) = ParseSeriesRef(((object?)source)?.ToString() ?? "");
                var (hiName,  hiOff)  = ParseSeriesRef(((object?)high)  ?.ToString() ?? "");
                var (loName,  loOff)  = ParseSeriesRef(((object?)low)   ?.ToString() ?? "");

                double[] srcH = PineContext.GetLast(srcName, 1,      srcOff);
                double[] hiH  = PineContext.GetLast(hiName,  length, hiOff);
                double[] loH  = PineContext.GetLast(loName,  length, loOff);

                if (srcH.Length < 1 || hiH.Length < length || loH.Length < length) return null!;

                double cur     = srcH[0];
                double highest = hiH.Max();
                double lowest  = loH.Min();
                double range   = highest - lowest;

                if (range == 0) return 0.0;

                double result = 100.0 * (cur - lowest) / range;
                Log.Debug("[ta.stoch] = {Result:F2}", result);
                return result;
            }

            // ── CCI ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────
            public static dynamic cci(dynamic source, int length)
            {
                var (name, offset) = ParseSeriesRef(((object?)source)?.ToString() ?? "");
                double[] hist = PineContext.GetLast(name, length, offset);

                if (hist.Length < length) return null!;

                double mean    = hist.Average();
                double meanDev = hist.Select(x => Math.Abs(x - mean)).Average();
                if (meanDev == 0) return null!;

                double result = (hist[0] - mean) / (0.015 * meanDev);
                Log.Debug("[ta.cci] {Name}({Length}) = {Result:F2}", name, length, result);
                return result;
            }

            // ── BARSSINCE ────────────────────────────────────────────────
            /// <summary>
            /// 조건이 마지막으로 true였던 봉 수.
            /// 각 호출 위치에 고유 인덱스를 부여하여 상태를 추적합니다.
            /// (매 봉 시작 전 Pine.ResetBarState() 호출 필요)
            /// </summary>
            public static dynamic barssince(dynamic condition)
            {
                int    callIdx   = _barssinceIdx++;
                string seriesKey = $"__bs_{callIdx}__";

                bool isTrue = false;
                if (condition is bool b)  isTrue = b;
                else if (condition != null)
                    try { isTrue = Convert.ToBoolean((object)condition); } catch { }

                PineContext.Push(seriesKey, isTrue ? 1.0 : 0.0);

                var buf = PineContext.GetBuffer(seriesKey);
                if (buf == null) return null!;

                for (int i = 0; i < buf.Count; i++)
                    if (buf.Get(i) != 0.0) return i;

                return null!; // 아직 한 번도 true가 없었음
            }

            // ── VALUEWHEN ────────────────────────────────────────────────
            /// <summary>
            /// 조건이 true였을 때의 source 값 (occurrence번째).
            /// 0 = 가장 최근 true, 1 = 그 전 true, ...
            /// </summary>
            public static dynamic valuewhen(dynamic condition, dynamic source, int occurrence = 0)
            {
                int    callIdx   = _valuewhenIdx++;
                string condKey   = $"__vw_{callIdx}__";

                bool isTrue = false;
                if (condition is bool b)  isTrue = b;
                else if (condition != null)
                    try { isTrue = Convert.ToBoolean((object)condition); } catch { }

                PineContext.Push(condKey, isTrue ? 1.0 : 0.0);

                var (srcName, srcOff) = ParseSeriesRef(((object?)source)?.ToString() ?? "");
                int     need    = PineContext.CurrentBarIndex + 1;
                double[] srcHist = PineContext.GetLast(srcName, need, srcOff);

                var condBuf = PineContext.GetBuffer(condKey);
                if (condBuf == null || srcHist.Length == 0) return null!;

                int found = 0;
                int limit = Math.Min(condBuf.Count, srcHist.Length);
                for (int i = 0; i < limit; i++)
                {
                    if (condBuf.Get(i) != 0.0)
                    {
                        if (found == occurrence) return srcHist[i];
                        found++;
                    }
                }
                return null!;
            }

            // ── VWAP ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────
            /// <summary>
            /// 거래량 가중 평균가 (모든 가용 봉 기준 누적).
            /// source 파라미터는 무시되며 내부적으로 hlc3를 사용합니다.
            /// </summary>
            public static dynamic vwap(dynamic? source = null)
            {
                int     bars   = PineContext.CurrentBarIndex + 1;
                double[] hiH   = PineContext.GetLast("high",   bars);
                double[] loH   = PineContext.GetLast("low",    bars);
                double[] clH   = PineContext.GetLast("close",  bars);
                double[] volH  = PineContext.GetLast("volume", bars);

                int count = Math.Min(Math.Min(hiH.Length, loH.Length),
                            Math.Min(clH.Length, volH.Length));
                if (count == 0) return null!;

                double cumPV = 0, cumV = 0;
                for (int i = count - 1; i >= 0; i--)
                {
                    double hlc3  = (hiH[i] + loH[i] + clH[i]) / 3.0;
                    cumPV += hlc3 * volH[i];
                    cumV  += volH[i];
                }

                if (cumV == 0) return null!;
                double result = cumPV / cumV;
                Log.Debug("[ta.vwap] = {Result:F6}", result);
                return result;
            }

            // ── DEV (표준편차) ────────────────────────────────────────────
            public static dynamic dev(dynamic source, int length)
            {
                var (name, offset) = ParseSeriesRef(((object?)source)?.ToString() ?? "");
                double[] hist = PineContext.GetLast(name, length, offset);

                if (hist.Length < length) return null!;

                double mean   = hist.Average();
                double result = Math.Sqrt(hist.Select(x => (x - mean) * (x - mean)).Average());
                Log.Debug("[ta.dev] {Name}({Length}) = {Result:F6}", name, length, result);
                return result;
            }

            // ── VARIANCE ──────────────────────────────────────────────────
            public static dynamic variance(dynamic source, int length)
            {
                var (name, offset) = ParseSeriesRef(((object?)source)?.ToString() ?? "");
                double[] hist = PineContext.GetLast(name, length, offset);

                if (hist.Length < length) return null!;

                double mean   = hist.Average();
                double result = hist.Select(x => (x - mean) * (x - mean)).Average();
                Log.Debug("[ta.variance] {Name}({Length}) = {Result:F6}", name, length, result);
                return result;
            }

            // ── LINREG ────────────────────────────────────────────────────
            /// <summary>
            /// 선형 회귀 값.
            /// offset: 0=현재 봉, 1=한 봉 전, ...
            /// </summary>
            public static dynamic linreg(dynamic source, int length, int offset = 0)
            {
                var (name, srcOff) = ParseSeriesRef(((object?)source)?.ToString() ?? "");
                double[] hist = PineContext.GetLast(name, length + offset, srcOff);

                if (hist.Length < length + offset) return null!;

                // hist[offset..offset+length-1] 구간을 시간 오름차순으로 변환
                double[] y = hist.Skip(offset).Take(length).Reverse().ToArray();

                double sumX = 0, sumY = 0, sumXY = 0, sumX2 = 0;
                for (int i = 0; i < length; i++)
                {
                    sumX  += i;
                    sumY  += y[i];
                    sumXY += i * y[i];
                    sumX2 += (double)i * i;
                }

                double denom = length * sumX2 - sumX * sumX;
                if (denom == 0) return y[^1];

                double slope     = (length * sumXY - sumX * sumY) / denom;
                double intercept = (sumY - slope * sumX) / length;
                double result    = slope * (length - 1) + intercept;

                Log.Debug("[ta.linreg] {Name}({Length},{Offset}) = {Result:F6}",
                    name, length, offset, result);
                return result;
            }

            // ── PIVOTHIGH ─────────────────────────────────────────────────
            /// <summary>
            /// 피벗 고점. 현재 봉 기준 rightbars 전 봉이 고점이면 값 반환, 아니면 na.
            /// </summary>
            public static dynamic pivothigh(dynamic source, int leftbars, int rightbars)
            {
                var (name, offset) = ParseSeriesRef(((object?)source)?.ToString() ?? "");
                int      needed    = leftbars + rightbars + 1;
                double[] hist      = PineContext.GetLast(name, needed, offset);

                if (hist.Length < needed) return null!;

                double candidate = hist[rightbars];

                for (int i = 0; i < rightbars; i++)
                    if (hist[i] >= candidate) return null!;

                for (int i = rightbars + 1; i < needed; i++)
                    if (hist[i] >= candidate) return null!;

                return candidate;
            }

            // ── PIVOTLOW ──────────────────────────────────────────────────
            /// <summary>
            /// 피벗 저점. 현재 봉 기준 rightbars 전 봉이 저점이면 값 반환, 아니면 na.
            /// </summary>
            public static dynamic pivotlow(dynamic source, int leftbars, int rightbars)
            {
                var (name, offset) = ParseSeriesRef(((object?)source)?.ToString() ?? "");
                int      needed    = leftbars + rightbars + 1;
                double[] hist      = PineContext.GetLast(name, needed, offset);

                if (hist.Length < needed) return null!;

                double candidate = hist[rightbars];

                for (int i = 0; i < rightbars; i++)
                    if (hist[i] <= candidate) return null!;

                for (int i = rightbars + 1; i < needed; i++)
                    if (hist[i] <= candidate) return null!;

                return candidate;
            }

            // ── PERCENTRANK ───────────────────────────────────────────────
            public static dynamic percentrank(dynamic source, int length)
            {
                var (name, offset) = ParseSeriesRef(((object?)source)?.ToString() ?? "");
                double[] hist = PineContext.GetLast(name, length + 1, offset);

                if (hist.Length < length + 1) return null!;

                double current = hist[0];
                int    count   = 0;
                for (int i = 1; i <= length; i++)
                    if (hist[i] < current) count++;

                double result = (double)count / length * 100.0;
                Log.Debug("[ta.percentrank] {Name}({Length}) = {Result:F2}", name, length, result);
                return result;
            }

            // ── MOM ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────
            public static dynamic mom(dynamic source, int length)
            {
                var (name, offset) = ParseSeriesRef(((object?)source)?.ToString() ?? "");
                double[] hist = PineContext.GetLast(name, length + 1, offset);
                if (length <= 0 || hist.Length < length + 1) return null!;
                return hist[0] - hist[length];
            }
        }

        #endregion

        // ════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
        #region math — 실제 계산 구현
        // ════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════

        public static class math
        {
            public static dynamic max(params dynamic[] values)
            {
                var nums = values.Select(ResolveDouble).Where(x => !double.IsNaN(x)).ToList();
                if (nums.Count == 0) { Log.Debug("[math.max] 계산 불가"); return null!; }
                double result = nums.Max();
                Log.Debug("[math.max] = {Result:F6}", result);
                return result;
            }

            public static dynamic min(params dynamic[] values)
            {
                var nums = values.Select(ResolveDouble).Where(x => !double.IsNaN(x)).ToList();
                if (nums.Count == 0) { Log.Debug("[math.min] 계산 불가"); return null!; }
                double result = nums.Min();
                Log.Debug("[math.min] = {Result:F6}", result);
                return result;
            }

            public static dynamic avg(params dynamic[] values)
            {
                var nums = values.Select(ResolveDouble).Where(x => !double.IsNaN(x)).ToList();
                if (nums.Count == 0) return null!;
                return nums.Average();
            }

            public static dynamic abs(dynamic number)
            {
                double v = ResolveDouble(number);
                return double.IsNaN(v) ? null! : Math.Abs(v);
            }

            public static dynamic ceil(dynamic number)
            {
                double v = ResolveDouble(number);
                return double.IsNaN(v) ? null! : Math.Ceiling(v);
            }

            public static dynamic floor(dynamic number)
            {
                double v = ResolveDouble(number);
                return double.IsNaN(v) ? null! : Math.Floor(v);
            }

            /// <summary>정수 반올림 (소수점 없음)</summary>
            public static dynamic round(dynamic number)
            {
                double v = ResolveDouble(number);
                return double.IsNaN(v) ? null! : Math.Round(v, MidpointRounding.AwayFromZero);
            }

            /// <summary>소수점 자릿수 지정 반올림</summary>
            public static dynamic round(dynamic number, int decimals)
            {
                double v = ResolveDouble(number);
                return double.IsNaN(v) ? null! : Math.Round(v, decimals, MidpointRounding.AwayFromZero);
            }

            public static dynamic sqrt(dynamic number)
            {
                double v = ResolveDouble(number);
                return double.IsNaN(v) ? null! : Math.Sqrt(v);
            }

            public static dynamic pow(dynamic base_val, dynamic exponent)
            {
                double b = ResolveDouble(base_val), e = ResolveDouble(exponent);
                return (double.IsNaN(b) || double.IsNaN(e)) ? null! : Math.Pow(b, e);
            }

            public static dynamic log(dynamic number)
            {
                double v = ResolveDouble(number);
                return (double.IsNaN(v) || v <= 0) ? null! : Math.Log(v);
            }

            public static dynamic log10(dynamic number)
            {
                double v = ResolveDouble(number);
                return (double.IsNaN(v) || v <= 0) ? null! : Math.Log10(v);
            }

            public static dynamic exp(dynamic number)
            {
                double v = ResolveDouble(number);
                return double.IsNaN(v) ? null! : Math.Exp(v);
            }

            public static dynamic sign(dynamic number)
            {
                double v = ResolveDouble(number);
                return double.IsNaN(v) ? null! : (double)Math.Sign(v);
            }

            public static dynamic todegrees(dynamic radians)
            {
                double v = ResolveDouble(radians);
                return double.IsNaN(v) ? null! : v * (180.0 / Math.PI);
            }

            public static dynamic toradians(dynamic degrees)
            {
                double v = ResolveDouble(degrees);
                return double.IsNaN(v) ? null! : v * (Math.PI / 180.0);
            }

            public static dynamic sum(dynamic source, int length)
            {
                var (name, offset) = ParseSeriesRef(((object?)source)?.ToString() ?? "");
                double[] hist = PineContext.GetLast(name, length, offset);
                if (length <= 0 || hist.Length < length) return null!;
                return hist.Sum();
            }
        }

        #endregion

        // ════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
        #region array — 실제 구현 (PineContext 배열 스토어 사용)
        // ════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════

        public static class array
        {
            public static dynamic new_float(int size = 0, dynamic? initial_value = null)
            {
                Log.Debug("[array.new_float] size={size}", size);
                return null!;
            }

            public static dynamic new_int(int size = 0, dynamic? initial_value = null)
            {
                Log.Debug("[array.new_int] size={size}", size);
                return null!;
            }

            public static dynamic new_bool(int size = 0, dynamic? initial_value = null)
            {
                Log.Debug("[array.new_bool] size={size}", size);
                return null!;
            }

            public static dynamic new_string(int size = 0, dynamic? initial_value = null)
            {
                Log.Debug("[array.new_string] size={size}", size);
                return null!;
            }

            public static void push(dynamic id, dynamic value)
            {
                string key = id?.ToString() ?? "";
                double val = ToDoubleVal(value);
                PineContext.GetOrCreateFloat(key).Add(val);
                Log.Debug("[array.push] {Id} ← {Value} (size={Size})",
                    key, val, PineContext.GetOrCreateFloat(key).Count);
            }

            public static dynamic pop(dynamic id)
            {
                string key  = id?.ToString() ?? "";
                var    list = PineContext.GetOrCreateFloat(key);
                if (list.Count == 0) return null!;
                double last = list[list.Count - 1];
                list.RemoveAt(list.Count - 1);
                return last;
            }

            public static int size(dynamic id)
            {
                string key = id?.ToString() ?? "";
                int    s   = PineContext.GetOrCreateFloat(key).Count;
                Log.Debug("[array.size] {Id} = {Size}", key, s);
                return s;
            }

            public static dynamic get(dynamic id, int index)
            {
                string key  = id?.ToString() ?? "";
                var    list = PineContext.GetAnyAsFloat(key);

                if (index < 0 || index >= list.Count)
                {
                    Log.Debug("[array.get] {Id}[{Index}] 범위 초과 (size={Size})", key, index, list.Count);
                    return null!;
                }
                double val = list[index];
                Log.Debug("[array.get] {Id}[{Index}] = {Val}", key, index, val);
                return val;
            }

            public static void set(dynamic id, int index, dynamic value)
            {
                string key  = id?.ToString() ?? "";
                var    list = PineContext.GetOrCreateFloat(key);
                while (list.Count <= index) list.Add(0.0);
                list[index] = ToDoubleVal(value);
                Log.Debug("[array.set] {Id}[{Index}] = {Val}", key, index, list[index]);
            }

            public static void unshift(dynamic id, dynamic value)
            {
                string key = id?.ToString() ?? "";
                PineContext.GetOrCreateFloat(key).Insert(0, ToDoubleVal(value));
            }

            public static dynamic shift(dynamic id)
            {
                string key  = id?.ToString() ?? "";
                var    list = PineContext.GetOrCreateFloat(key);
                if (list.Count == 0) return null!;
                double v = list[0]; list.RemoveAt(0);
                return v;
            }

            public static void insert(dynamic id, int index, dynamic value)
            {
                string key  = id?.ToString() ?? "";
                var    list = PineContext.GetOrCreateFloat(key);
                while (list.Count < index) list.Add(0.0);
                list.Insert(index, ToDoubleVal(value));
            }

            public static void remove(dynamic id, int index)
            {
                string key  = id?.ToString() ?? "";
                var    list = PineContext.GetOrCreateFloat(key);
                if (index >= 0 && index < list.Count) list.RemoveAt(index);
            }

            public static void clear(dynamic id)
            {
                PineContext.GetOrCreateFloat(id?.ToString() ?? "").Clear();
            }

            private static double ToDoubleVal(dynamic v)
            {
                if (v is double d) return d;
                if (v is int    i) return i;
                if (v is float  f) return f;
                string s = v?.ToString() ?? "";
                if (double.TryParse(s, System.Globalization.NumberStyles.Any,
                    System.Globalization.CultureInfo.InvariantCulture, out double p)) return p;
                double? ctx = PineContext.GetVariable(s);
                return ctx ?? 0.0;
            }
        }

        #endregion

        // ════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
        #region strategy
        // ════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════

        public static class strategy
        {
            public static dynamic position_size      { get; set; } = null!;
            public static dynamic position_avg_price { get; set; } = null!;
            public static dynamic openprofit         { get; set; } = null!;
            public static dynamic equity             { get; set; } = null!;
            public static dynamic netprofit          { get; set; } = null!;
            public static dynamic grossprofit        { get; set; } = null!;
            public static dynamic grossloss          { get; set; } = null!;

            public static void entry(string id, string direction,
                dynamic? qty = null, dynamic? limit = null,
                dynamic? stop = null, string comment = "")
                => Log.Information("[strategy.entry] id={id}, direction={direction}", id, direction);

            public static void close(string id, string comment = "",
                dynamic? qty = null, dynamic? qty_percent = null)
                => Log.Information("[strategy.close] id={id}", id);

            public static void close_all(string comment = "")
                => Log.Information("[strategy.close_all]");

            public static void exit(string id, string from_entry = "",
                dynamic? qty = null, dynamic? profit = null, dynamic? limit = null,
                dynamic? loss = null, dynamic? stop = null, string comment = "")
                => Log.Information("[strategy.exit] id={id}", id);

            public static void order(string id, string direction,
                dynamic? qty = null, dynamic? limit = null,
                dynamic? stop = null, string comment = "")
                => Log.Information("[strategy.order] id={id}, direction={direction}", id, direction);

            public static void cancel(string id)
                => Log.Information("[strategy.cancel] id={id}", id);

            public static void cancel_all()
                => Log.Information("[strategy.cancel_all]");
        }

        #endregion

        // ════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
        #region request
        // ════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════

        public static class request
        {
            public static dynamic security(string symbol, string timeframe,
                dynamic expression, dynamic? gaps = null, dynamic? lookahead = null)
            {
                Log.Debug("[request.security] symbol={symbol}, tf={timeframe}", symbol, timeframe);
                return null!;
            }
            public static dynamic financial(string symbol, string financial_id,
                string period, dynamic? gaps = null) => null!;
            public static dynamic dividends(string symbol, dynamic? gaps = null) => null!;
            public static dynamic earnings(string symbol, dynamic? gaps = null)  => null!;
            public static dynamic splits(string symbol, dynamic? gaps = null)    => null!;
        }

        #endregion

        // ════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
        #region syminfo — 심볼 정보
        // ════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════

        /// <summary>
        /// 심볼 메타 정보.
        /// BitgetConfig에서 Symbol 설정 후 syminfo.ticker 등을 초기화하여 사용합니다.
        /// </summary>
        public static class syminfo
        {
            /// <summary>심볼 코드 (예: XRPUSDT)</summary>
            public static string ticker      { get; set; } = "";
            /// <summary>심볼 전체 ID (예: BITGET:XRPUSDT.P)</summary>
            public static string tickerid    { get; set; } = "";
            /// <summary>거래소 이름 (예: BITGET)</summary>
            public static string exchange    { get; set; } = "";
            /// <summary>기준 통화 (예: USDT)</summary>
            public static string currency    { get; set; } = "USDT";
            /// <summary>심볼 설명</summary>
            public static string description { get; set; } = "";
            /// <summary>상품 유형 (예: futures)</summary>
            public static string type        { get; set; } = "futures";
            /// <summary>최소 틱 크기</summary>
            public static double mintick     { get; set; } = 0.0001;
            /// <summary>포인트 당 가치</summary>
            public static double pointvalue  { get; set; } = 1.0;
            /// <summary>최소 이동 단위</summary>
            public static double minmove     { get; set; } = 1.0;
            /// <summary>가격 스케일 (mintick = minmove / pricescale)</summary>
            public static int    pricescale  { get; set; } = 10000;
            /// <summary>타임존 (예: UTC)</summary>
            public static string timezone    { get; set; } = "UTC";
            /// <summary>세션 문자열 (예: 24x7)</summary>
            public static string session     { get; set; } = "24x7";
            public static string prefix      { get; set; } = "";
            public static string root        { get; set; } = "";
            public static string suffix      { get; set; } = "";
            public static bool   isstandard  { get; set; } = true;
        }

        #endregion

        // ════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
        #region map
        // ════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════

        public static class map
        {
            public static dynamic new_map() { Log.Debug("[map.new_map]"); return null!; }
            public static void put(dynamic id, dynamic key, dynamic value)
                => Log.Debug("[map.put] id={id}, key={key}", id, key);
            public static dynamic get(dynamic id, dynamic key) { Log.Debug("[map.get]"); return null!; }
            public static bool contains(dynamic id, dynamic key) { return false; }
            public static void remove(dynamic id, dynamic key) { }
            public static void clear(dynamic id) { }
            public static int size(dynamic id) { return 0; }
        }

        #endregion

        // ════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
        #region @string
        // ════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════

        public static class @string
        {
            public static int length(string source)     => source?.Length ?? 0;
            public static string replace_all(string source, string target, string replacement)
                => source?.Replace(target, replacement) ?? "";
            public static string tolower(string source) => source?.ToLower() ?? "";
            public static string toupper(string source) => source?.ToUpper() ?? "";
            public static dynamic split(string source, string separator)
                => source?.Split(separator) ?? Array.Empty<string>();
            public static string format(string format, params dynamic[] args)
            {
                try { return string.Format(format, args.Cast<object>().ToArray()); }
                catch { return format; }
            }
        }

        #endregion

        // ════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
        #region timeframe
        // ════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════

        public static class timeframe
        {
            public static string period    { get; set; } = "";
            public static bool isintraday  { get; set; } = false;
            public static bool isdaily     { get; set; } = false;
            public static bool isweekly    { get; set; } = false;
            public static bool ismonthly   { get; set; } = false;
            public static int  multiplier  { get; set; } = 0;
        }

        #endregion

        // ════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
        #region str — 문자열 변환 함수
        // ════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════

        public static class str
        {
            /// <summary>숫자 → 문자열. format: "#.##" 등 Pine Script 포맷 지원</summary>
            public static string tostring(dynamic value, string format = "")
            {
                try
                {
                    double d = Convert.ToDouble(value);
                    if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(format))
                        return d.ToString(System.Globalization.CultureInfo.InvariantCulture);
                    string fmt = format.Replace("#", "0");
                    return d.ToString(fmt, System.Globalization.CultureInfo.InvariantCulture);
                }
                catch { return value?.ToString() ?? ""; }
            }

            /// <summary>문자열 → 숫자. 변환 불가 시 na 반환</summary>
            public static dynamic tonumber(dynamic source)
            {
                string s = source?.ToString() ?? "";
                if (double.TryParse(s, System.Globalization.NumberStyles.Any,
                    System.Globalization.CultureInfo.InvariantCulture, out double d))
                    return d;
                return null!;
            }

            /// <summary>포맷 문자열 (C# string.Format 문법)</summary>
            public static string format(string formatStr, params dynamic[] args)
            {
                try { return string.Format(formatStr, args.Cast<object>().ToArray()); }
                catch { return formatStr; }
            }

            public static int length(string source) => source?.Length ?? 0;

            /// <summary>부분 문자열 (end 미지정 시 끝까지)</summary>
            public static string substring(string source, int start, int end = -1)
            {
                if (source == null) return "";
                if (start < 0) start = 0;
                if (end < 0 || end > source.Length) end = source.Length;
                if (start >= end) return "";
                return source.Substring(start, end - start);
            }

            public static bool contains(string source, string str)
                => source?.Contains(str, StringComparison.Ordinal) ?? false;

            public static bool startswith(string source, string str)
                => source?.StartsWith(str, StringComparison.Ordinal) ?? false;

            public static bool endswith(string source, string str)
                => source?.EndsWith(str, StringComparison.Ordinal) ?? false;

            public static string trim(string source) => source?.Trim() ?? "";

            /// <summary>정규식 첫 번째 매칭 반환. 매칭 없으면 빈 문자열</summary>
            public static string match(string source, string regex)
            {
                try
                {
                    var m = System.Text.RegularExpressions.Regex.Match(source ?? "", regex);
                    return m.Success ? m.Value : "";
                }
                catch { return ""; }
            }

            public static string replace(string source, string target, string replacement)
                => source?.Replace(target, replacement) ?? "";

            public static string lower(string source) => source?.ToLower() ?? "";
            public static string upper(string source) => source?.ToUpper() ?? "";

            public static dynamic split(string source, string separator)
                => source?.Split(separator) ?? Array.Empty<string>();
        }

        #endregion

        // ════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
        #region color — 색상 스텁 (시각화 무시)
        // ════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════

        public static class color
        {
            public static dynamic green    { get; } = null!;
            public static dynamic red      { get; } = null!;
            public static dynamic blue     { get; } = null!;
            public static dynamic white    { get; } = null!;
            public static dynamic black    { get; } = null!;
            public static dynamic yellow   { get; } = null!;
            public static dynamic orange   { get; } = null!;
            public static dynamic purple   { get; } = null!;
            public static dynamic teal     { get; } = null!;
            public static dynamic gray     { get; } = null!;
            public static dynamic silver   { get; } = null!;
            public static dynamic lime     { get; } = null!;
            public static dynamic aqua     { get; } = null!;
            public static dynamic fuchsia  { get; } = null!;
            public static dynamic navy     { get; } = null!;
            public static dynamic maroon   { get; } = null!;

            public static dynamic @new(dynamic baseColor, double transp = 0) => null!;
            public static dynamic rgb(double r, double g, double b, double transp = 0) => null!;
        }

        #endregion

        // ════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
        #region na / nz / bar_index — 내장 함수 및 변수
        // ════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════

        /// <summary>na(x) — x 가 na(null)이면 true</summary>
        public static bool na(dynamic? x) => x == null;

        /// <summary>nz(x, y?) — x가 na이면 y(기본 0) 반환</summary>
        public static dynamic nz(dynamic? x, dynamic? y = null)
            => x == null ? (y ?? (dynamic)0.0) : x;

        /// <summary>현재 봉 인덱스 (0-based)</summary>
        public static int bar_index => PineContext.CurrentBarIndex;

        /// <summary>size 상수 스텁</summary>
        public static class size
        {
            public static dynamic tiny   { get; } = "tiny";
            public static dynamic small  { get; } = "small";
            public static dynamic normal { get; } = "normal";
            public static dynamic large  { get; } = "large";
            public static dynamic huge   { get; } = "huge";
            public static dynamic auto   { get; } = "auto";
        }

        /// <summary>location 상수 스텁</summary>
        public static class location
        {
            public static dynamic abovebar  { get; } = "abovebar";
            public static dynamic belowbar  { get; } = "belowbar";
            public static dynamic top       { get; } = "top";
            public static dynamic bottom    { get; } = "bottom";
            public static dynamic automatic { get; } = "automatic";
        }

        /// <summary>shape 상수 스텁</summary>
        public static class shape
        {
            public static dynamic labelup      { get; } = "labelup";
            public static dynamic labeldown    { get; } = "labeldown";
            public static dynamic arrowup      { get; } = "arrowup";
            public static dynamic arrowdown    { get; } = "arrowdown";
            public static dynamic circle       { get; } = "circle";
            public static dynamic cross        { get; } = "cross";
            public static dynamic diamond      { get; } = "diamond";
            public static dynamic flag         { get; } = "flag";
            public static dynamic square       { get; } = "square";
            public static dynamic triangleup   { get; } = "triangleup";
            public static dynamic triangledown { get; } = "triangledown";
            public static dynamic xcross       { get; } = "xcross";
        }

        #endregion
    }
}